Carbon fibers (CFs) has been a hotspot in composites as a reinforcing phase. The types and dispersion methods of CFs and the methods for evaluating their dispersibility in cement⁃based composites, the preparation process of CFs surface coating modification and its advantages and disadvantages were reviewed. The coating modification treatment could prepare carbon fiber reinforced cement⁃based composite materials (CFRC) with good performance. At the same time, the influential factors of CFRC mechanical properties were systematically discussed and studied, including water⁃cement ratio, including water⁃cement ratio, curing age, molding process, silicon powder content, additives, CFs content and length, etc.It is concluded that the key to further improving the mechanical properties of CFRC is to improve the dispersion and compatibility of CFs in the cement matrix, and provide a reference for the future preparation of high⁃performance CFRC.